The door is a built element that is predominately used to provide controlled access for people, goods, animals and vehicles. It includes constructions with hinged, pivoted, sliding, and additionally revolving and folding operations.

NOTE  Definition according to ISO 6707-1: construction for closing an opening, intended primarily for access with hinged, pivoted or sliding operation.

The IfcDoor defines a particular occurrence of a door inserted in the spatial context of a project. A door can:

• be inserted as a filler in an opening using the IfcRelFillsElement relationship, then the IfcDoor has an inverse attribute FillsVoids provided;

NOTE  View definitions or implementer agreements may restrict the relationship to only include one door into one opening.

• be part of an element assembly, in general an IfcCurtainWall, using the IfcRelAggregates relationship, then the IfcDoor has an inverse attribute Decomposes is provided;
• be a "free standing" door, then the IfcDoor has no inverse attributes FillsVoids or Decomposes provided.

This specification provides two main representations for door occurrences:

• IfcDoor used for all occurrences of doors, that have a 'Profile' shape representation defined to which a set of shape parameters for lining and framing properties apply. Additionally it requires the provision of an IfcDoorType that references one IfcDoorLiningProperties and on to many IfcDoorPanelProperties;

NOTE  The entity IfcDoorStandardCase has been deprecated.

• IfcDoor used for all other occurrences of doors, particularly for doors having only 'Brep', or 'SurfaceModel' geometry without applying shape parameters.

The actual parameters of the door and/or its shape are defined by the IfcDoor as the occurrence definition (or project instance), or by the IfcDoorType as the specific definition (or project type). The following parameters are given:

• at the IfcDoor or IfcDoorStandardCase for occurrence specific parameters. The IfcDoor specifies:
  • the door width and height
  • the door opening direction (by the y-axis of the ObjectPlacement)
• at the IfcDoorType, to which the IfcDoor is related by the inverse relationship IsTypedBy pointing to IfcRelDefinesByType, for type parameters common to all occurrences of the same type.
  • the operation type (single swing, double swing, revolving, etc.)
  • the door hinge side (by using two different styles for right and left opening doors)
  • the construction material type
  • the particular attributes for the lining by the IfcDoorLiningProperties
  • the particular attributes for the panels by the IfcDoorPanelProperties

HISTORY  New entity in IFC1.0.

IFC4 CHANGE  The attributes PredefinedType and OperationType are added, the applicable type object has been changed to IfcDoorType.

The geometric representation of IfcDoor is given by the IfcProductDefinitionShape, allowing multiple geometric representations. The IfcDoor may get its parameter and shape from the IfcDoorType. If an IfcRepresentationMap (a block definition) is defined for the IfcDoorType, then the IfcDoor inserts it through the IfcMappedItem.

The geometric representation of IfcDoor is defined using the following (potentially multiple) IfcShapeRepresentation's for its IfcProductDefinitionShape:

• Profile: A 'Curve3D' consisting of a single losed curve defining the outer boundary of the door (lining). The door parametric representation uses this profile in order to apply the door lining and panel parameter. If not provided, the profile of the IfcOpeningElement is taken.
• FootPrint: A 'GeometricCurveSet', or 'Annotation2D' representation defining the 2D shape of the door
• Body: A 'SweptSolid', 'SurfaceModel', or 'Brep' representation defining the 3D shape of the door.

In addition the parametric representation of a (limited) door shape is available by applying the parameters from IfcDoorType referencing IfcDoorLiningProperties and IfcDoorPanelProperties. The purpose of the parameter is described at those entities and below (door opening operation by door type).
The overall size of the IfcDoor to be used to apply the lining or panel parameter provided by the IfcDoorType is determined by the IfcShapeRepresentation with the RepresentationIdentifier = 'Profile'.

The Door Attributes concept applies to this entity.

The opening direction is determined by the local placement of IfcDoor and the OperationType of the IfcDoorType as shown in Figure 368.

NOTE  There are different definitions in various countries on what a left opening or left hung or left swing door is (same for right). Therefore the IFC definition may derivate from the local standard and need to be mapped appropriately.

Opening directions Definitions Reference to other standards The door panel (for swinging doors) opens always into the direction of the positive Y axis of the local placement. The determination of whether the door opens to the left or to the right is done at the level of the IfcDoorType. Here it is a left side opening door given by IfcDoorType.OperationType = SingleSwingLeft refered to as LEFT HAND (LH) in US * refered to as DIN-R (right hung) in Germany If the door should open to the other side, then the local placement has to be changed. It is still a left side opening door, given by IfcDoorType.OperationType = SingleSwingLeft refered to as RIGHT HAND REVERSE (RHR) in US * refered to as DIN-R (right hung) in Germany If the door panel (for swinging doors) opens to the right, a separate door style needs to be used (here IfcDoorTypee.OperationType = SingleSwingRight) and it always opens into the direction of the positive Y axis of the local placement. refered to as RIGHT HAND (RH) in US * refered to as DIN-L (left hung) in Germany If the door panel (for swinging doors) opens to the right, and into the opposite directions, the local placement of the door need to change. The door style is given by IfcDoorType.OperationType = SingleSwingRight. refered to as LEFT HAND REVERSE (LHR) in US * refered to as DIN-L (left hung) in Germany * it assumes that the 'inside/private/primary' space is above (top in the pictures) and the 'outside/public/secondary' space is below (bottom in the pictures).

Figure 368 — Door swing

NOTE  The OverallWidth and OverallHeight parameters are for informational purpose only.

The Object Typing concept template applies to this entity as shown in Table 186.

The Property Sets for Objects concept template applies to this entity as shown in Table 187.

The Quantity Sets concept template applies to this entity as shown in Table 188.

The Material Constituent Set concept template applies to this entity as shown in Table 189.

The material of the IfcDoor is defined by the IfcMaterialConstituentSet or as fall back by IfcMaterial and attached by the IfcRelAssociatesMaterial relationship.

The Product Local Placement concept template applies to this entity as shown in Table 190.

The following restriction is imposed:

1. The PlacementRelTo relationship of IfcLocalPlacement shall point to the local placement of the same element (if given), in which the IfcDoor is used as a filling (normally an IfcOpeningElement), as provided by the IfcRelFillsElement relationship;
2. If the IfcDoor is part of an assembly, e.g. an IfcCurtainWall, then the PlacementRelTo relationship of IfcLocalPlacement shall point (if given) to the local placement of that assembly;
3. If the IfcDoor is not inserted into an IfcOpeningElement, then the PlacementRelTo relationship of IfcLocalPlacement shall point (if given) to the local placement of the same IfcSpatialStructureElement that is used in the ContainedInStructure inverse attribute or to a referenced spatial structure element at a higher level.

NOTE  The product placement is used to determine the opening direction of the door.

The Profile 3D Geometry concept applies to this entity.

The door profile is represented by a three-dimensional closed curve within a particular shape representation. The profile is used to apply the parameter of the parametric door representation. Only a single closed curve shall be contained in the set of IfcShapeRepresentation.Items.

A 'Profile' representation has to be provided if a parametric representation is applied to the door.

The Spatial Containment concept template applies to this entity as shown in Table 191.

The IfcDoor, as any subtype of IfcBuildingElement, may participate alternatively in one of the two different containment relationships:

• the Spatial Containment (defined here), or
• the Element Composition.

The IfcDoor may also be connected to the IfcOpeningElement in which it is placed as a filler. In this case, the spatial containment relationship shall be provided, see Figure 369.

	NOTE  The containment shall be defined independently of the filling relationship, that is, even if the IfcDoor is a filling of an opening established by IfcRelFillsElement, it is also contained in the spatial structure by IfcRelContainedInSpatialStructure.
Figure 369 — Door spatial containment